The Weather Hazards Associated With Hurricanes

Every year, from June 1 to November 30, the threat of a hurricane strike looms in the minds of vacationers  and residents of  U.S.  coastlines. And its no wonder why. Because of its ability to travel across ocean  and land, a hurricane is almost impossible to outrun. In addition to having an evacuation plan in place, your best line of defense against hurricanes  is to know and recognize its  main hazards, of which there are four: high winds, storm surge, inland flooding, and tornadoes. High Winds As pressure drops inside of a hurricane, air from the surrounding atmosphere rushes into the storm, generating one of its trademark characteristics: winds. A hurricanes winds are among the first conditions to be felt during its approach. Tropical storm-force winds can extend as far as 300 miles (483 km) and hurricane-force winds can extend 25-150 miles (40-241 km) from the storm center. Sustained winds pack enough force to cause structural damage and carry loose debris. Remember that hidden within maximum sustained winds are isolated gusts that actually blow much faster than this. Storm Surge In addition to being a threat in and of itself, wind also contributes to another danger: storm surge. While a hurricane is out to sea, its winds blow across the ocean surface, gradually pushing water out ahead of it. A hurricane’s low pressure assists in this. By the time the storm nears the coast, water has â€Å"piled up† into a dome several hundred miles wide and 15 to 40 feet (4.5-12 m) high. This ocean swell then travels onshore, inundating the coast and eroding beaches. It is the primary cause of loss of life within a hurricane. If a hurricane approaches during high tide, an already risen sea level will lend additional height to a storm surge. The resulting event is referred to as a storm tide. Rip currents are another wind-induced marine hazard to watch for. As winds push water outward toward the shore, water is forced against and along the shoreline, creating a fast current. If there are channels or sandbars leading back out to sea, the current flows violently through these, whisking along anything in its path — including beachgoers and swimmers. Rip currents can be recognized by the following signs: A channel of churning, choppy waterAn area with a noticeable difference in color when compared to the surrounding oceanA line of foam or debris moving out to seaA break in the incoming wave pattern Inland Flooding While storm surge is the main cause of coastal inundation, excessive rains are responsible for the flooding of inland areas. A hurricanes rainbands can dump up to several inches of rain per hour, especially if a storm is moving slowly. This water overwhelms rivers and low-lying areas. When rainbands release water for several consecutive hours or days, this leads to flash and urban flooding.   Because tropical cyclones of all intensities (not just hurricanes) can produce excessive rains, freshwater flooding is considered the most wide-reaching of all tropical cyclone-related dangers. Tornadoes Embedded in a hurricanes rainbands are thunderstorms, some of which are strong enough to spawn tornadoes. Tornadoes produced by hurricanes are typically weaker (usually EF-0s and EF-1s) and shorter-lived than those occurring across the central and midwestern U.S. As a precaution, a tornado watch is usually issued when a tropical cyclone is forecast to make landfall. Beware the Right Front Quadrant A number of factors, including storm strength and track, influence damage levels caused by each of the above. But you may be surprised to learn that something as seemingly insignificant as which one of a hurricanes sides first makes landfall can also greatly increase (or lower) the risk of related hazards, especially storm surge and tornadoes. A direct hit from the right-front quadrant of a hurricane (left-front in the Southern Hemisphere) is considered the most severe. Thats because its here where the storms winds blow in the same direction as the atmospheric steering wind, causing a net gain in wind speed. For example, if a hurricane has sustained winds of 90 mph (category 1 strength) and is moving at 25 mph, its right front region would effectively have winds up to category 3 strength (90 25 mph 115 mph). Conversely, because winds on the left side oppose steering winds, a reduction in speed is felt there. Using the previous example, a 90 mph storm with 25 mph steering winds becomes a 65 mph effective wind. Since hurricanes continually spiral counter-clockwise (clockwise in the Southern Hemisphere) as they travel, it can be difficult to distinguish one side of the storm from another. Heres a tip: pretend youre standing directly behind the storm with your back in the direction its traveling. Its right side will be the same as your right. So if a storm is traveling due west, the right front quadrant would actually be its northern region.

Ict and Business Development - 1432 Words

ICT and Business Development In line with the main priorities set by the URBACT Information Society Network, this theme focuses on business development and the role of ICT as a means of tackling economic restructuring and promoting employment and in doing so fostering social cohesion and economic inclusion. The purpose of this brief document is to act as a guide for colleagues when preparing material or presentations on this topic and to provoke discussion on the issues raised in it. Business Development and its relationship to ICT? Business Development is the process of improvement that enables a business to become more efficient, profitable, and thereby creating or safeguarding jobs. Business development therefore does not†¦show more content†¦Increasingly networks are not just confined to the office but are being adopted so that they allow home/remote working that supports changing business needs. This transformation has really taken place over the last 20 years and continues to transform the way business is done. No business today can ignore the use of technology as its effective use helps businesses to remain competitive and profitable, thereby creating or safeguarding jobs. The role of the Public Sector? What is the case for Public Sector intervention if this is already happening? Talking specifically about SME’s, the final report (Feb. 2004) of the European Go Digital Awareness campaign 2001-2003 shows that to help SME’s to â€Å"Go Digital† is still a policy challenge as SME’s remain sceptical about ICT and e-business. This is mainly the result of: †¢ Their experience of procuring technology has often left an impression that the wrong decision was made as the expected benefits from using new technology have not materialised. This then affects businesses willingness to further invest in technology and therefore threatens their further competitiveness. †¢ The creation of new businesses especially in new industries requires that the right support and business environment are present. For example the presence of Science Park’s, Universities, and Research Centres etc. can help the spread of anShow MoreRelatedInformation And Communications Technology ( Ict ) For Market Access And Information Essay1699 Words   |  7 Pagescommunications technology (ICT) for market access and information. SMEs need to have access to and use of ICT to engage in the regional and global economic business networks. If SMEs cannot access to ICT, many of the SMEs are set to lose out on opportunities to integrate into the global supply chain, get potential businesses and increase their productivity or efficiency. 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Civil V Criminal Law Free Essays

English law is made up primarily of Civil and Criminal Law. Civil Law is concerned with the the Laws of Tort and Contract. Civil law can be defined as that area of law which is concerned with private disputes that occur between individuals or between individuals and organisations and where a proceedings in court is initiated by the aforementioned. We will write a custom essay sample on Civil V Criminal Law or any similar topic only for you Order Now In contrast, criminal law seeks to punish those that has done wrongs against the community. For example, a person who decides to take the life of someone else commits murder. The community by way of its government has a duty to protect itself from being murdered. The result is Criminal Law which is enforceable by the State and initiated by the Police. Therefore criminal law is said to protect the community and punishes those that breaks the law with a fine, imprisonment or community sentences. Whereas, civil law seeks to compensate party who has suffered wrong. Civil law covers many areas of everyday daily life, most notable are domestic relations law like divorces and child custody law, probate like wills and estates, employment like agency and working hours laws, and personal injury law. Under pining those laws are Tort and Contract Law. A high level definition of tort law is that it deals with wrongs or injuries inflicted on one party by another and usually the parties involved are unknown to each other until something occurs which results in the tort action. Contracts on the other hand deals with the roles, relationships and obligations of parties that are engaged in a formal agreement. Under civil law an example of tort is acts of carelessness, or failure to act which result in injury or loss to another person. An example is a driver who fails to drive properly and as a result of that failure injures a pedestrian. This incident can give rise to negligence which is the failure to take reasonable care to avoid injury or loss to another person. However in order to prove a negligent claim, it must be proved that there existed a duty of care on the driver to not cause harm to others. The test of this duty of care is that the court will need to determine that a reasonable person would expect that a certain result might follow from an action. Therefore, by not driving properly the driver mounts the pavement and hits the pedestrian, if the result is foreseeable for a reasonable person, then liability may be imposed for the action. In comparison, contract law is an agreement between two persons where one binds himself, with respect to the other, to give something or to render some service. As such, a contract is said to be binding with obligations, and if not met, may lead to an action in civil court. For example a plumber hired to undertake the repair of a leaky facet has entered into a contract to repair the leaking facet in exchange for payment, if he fails to repair the facet within the terms of the agreement, there might not be any obligation to pay him as the terms of the contract has not met. To conclude, civil law covers several area of laws and is primarily concerned with private individuals or companies. The use of the term civil law as a blanket term to cover tort and contract is not confusing as the actions undertaken by the individuals will be indicative of the area of the law that is applicable. The principles are distinguishable, tort usually involves persons who have not entered into a contract or a formal relationship whereas contracts are legally binding agreements established by two or more persons. Where there might be a blurring of the distinctions is where there arises a case of tort while undertaking a contract. Such as an accident in the workplace where there exist a contract of employment. Bibliographies â€Å"Civil Law† Directgov http://www. direct. gov. uk/en/CrimeJusticeAndTheLaw/Thejudicialsystem/DG_4003097 â€Å"Criminal Law† Directgov http://www. direct. gov. uk/en/CrimeJusticeAndTheLaw/Thejudicialsystem/DG_4003097 â€Å"Tort† Stanford University http://plato. stanford. edu/entries/tort-theories/ How to cite Civil V Criminal Law, Papers

Case Study of Talisman Energy Inc. Free Sample for Students

Question: Discuss the Case Study of Talisman Energy Inc. Answer: Introduction This paper will present the Talisman decision in penetrating the Iraq oil and gas market, which will highlight the Talisman Energy restructuring portfolio diligence for the purpose of maximizing profits and reducing losses that are likely to occur in near future in daily operation of the business entity. The paper will start will a problem statement that explains the administrational, marketing and management leakages, present a critical analysis, SWOT analysis, threats, alternatives and recommendations. The paper will in turn encompass comprehensive review including surface and subsurface, and how Talisman Energy enables oil extraction in lira be a great success. The paper will further discuss how Talisman Energy takes the oil and gas commodities to the market and influences the consumer purchasing power, and provide a review for the proposed Talisman Energy marketing and organizational strategy. Focusing on Talisman in Sudan region, they were accused of using indirect strategies to give weapons to the government of Sudan through the help of NGOs which resulted in media gaining the attention and also interest from general press (Day 2014). Apparently, Talisman Energy firm had an upper hand on marketing influence and tapping the consumer affinity and, consequently, adopted step to threat human rights in Sudan region and the latter helping them to become a monopoly thereby becoming the largest independent oil and gas firm as a result of huge revenue collected. Talisman cannot therefore risk and face havoc like what happened in Sudan. Talisman should therefore investigate how independent Kurdistan is from the rest of Iraq. Problem Statement In 1953, Talisman energy became an independent institution and specialized in oil and gas extraction and production, marketing, transportation, marketing of crude oil, gas, and natural oil (Carsle 2000). According to Carsle, Talisman Energy firm focuses on mainly extraction, transportation and marketing of gas and oil in North America, United Kingdom, Scandinavia, and South East Asia. The company produces 430,000 bowed in 2008 approximately 50 percent oil and 50 percent gas. Talisman expressed interest in Eastern Africa especially Sudan in years approaching millennium (late nineties) the Sudanese government officials intimidated the natives from a landing strip that was meant to aid in oil related activity which in turn resulted in massive financial planning. Critique and Analysis According to Rodriguez and Troyes (2014), Talisman constructed a large 2.5 million net acres of land to help them diversify in their operation and reach a wider market space. To reach more of their consumers, company decided to set goals and objectives to help maximize on their operation and become a market force, their goals were clearly established basically starting with proposed objective and goals, making outline and strategies to accomplish to the set organizational goals in respect to the willingness and financial drive of the shareholders. Objectives help people and even institutions like Talisman Energy succeed and propel them to even greater heights of accomplishments through providing people with specific and adequate roles in the organization set up, giving consistent decisions and also to choose the best preference among large numbers of objectives through; encouraging proper dedication and fulfillment based on the results expected and to provide corrective action and ev en control. Ultimately, the strategic restructuring of the energy production portfolio aimed at creating a sustainable and very consistent growth from its unconventional gas business in North America, Asia, South Asia, and Norway (Franklin 2012). The Talismans administration team aimed launching a less time energy generation portfolio to ease the renewal of the hydrocarbon that increases the cost of energy at the same time focusing on the environmental conservation portfolio. According to the Talisman management, introduction of a cheaper, effective, and a low cost energy generation tactics that would increase the Resave life index over time (The Canadian Press 2012). Talisman is looking forward to aid the extension and expansion processes in South Asia where FD cost are considerably very low. SWOT analysis Talisman is an independent international upstream oil and gas company whose main business activities include: exploration development, the process of production transportation and selling of oil in crude form natural gas liquids and natural gas (Day 2014). The company has three core areas, North America, the North Sea and The South-EastSea. Talisman is conventional in leading gas explorer and has a significant unconventional natural gas potential, in the areas bordering the North Sea; the company majorly operates more than 40-50 outfalls and has very big exploitation acreage in areas in Norway. In theSouth-East region, Talisman has a substantial and long life natural gas that has never been explored and a highly expansive acreage monopoly and a very strong market force even further elevates company to leverage in the shares in the market In respect to the diversified and phenomenon graphical presence, it has ongoing production, development and exploration in region around North America, North Sea and, South Asia, Australia, North Africa and Trinidad and Tobago. Statistically, Talisman aggregate production of the year ending 31st 2008 was 452000 barrel of equivalent per day costing approximately 189 000 booed, and 11700 booed from North America, 33000 board from the Scandinavian segment. Day (2014), argues that the new oil and gas production hassignificantly increased in recent times, 200 Talisman (Vietnam 46/2) announced that first oil production from the song poc field in Bloc 46/2 and the offshore in Vietnam produce a productive energy resources in that the new oil and gas production would boot the Talisman power output, which ultimately will boost revenue collected. In fact, the acquisition and contract signing took place by acquiring all the shares from CNOOC meager oversees from subsidiaries for a consideration of 212.5 million US dollars. Threats The economic slowdown in the US and the entire regions around Europe is a major threat, which causes saturation as a result of resources due to over exploitation (Carsle 2000).Environmental degradation and damage due to removal of the top soil thereby strict regulations must be enacted to protect flora and fauna. The Talisman make money by entering Iraq by investing 3.5 million dollars in two blocs in Kurdistan, the firm will therefore acquire 40 percent if block k44 operates by Calgarys western gloss Resource ltd (Cooper Vlaskovitz 2011). The Kurdistan region government (KRG) boast of 20 percent Interest.Talisman plans to spend 80 Million cover past lost by committing fully to projects at hand. The initial cost will range from 10-15 million US dollars, this will either prove positive to investors or negative to them. Discussion of Alternatives There was ultimate need to conserve the earth, one of the valuable commodities. Moreover, Talisman has embarked on more resourceful oil mining alternatives to create a strong and sustainable, and reliable energy for the future generation. Apparently, Iran is one of the largest oil reserves in the world and is ranked fourth worldwide after Saudi Arabia and Canada yet the great part of the country is yet to be investigated (Ries 2016). There are various strategies that can be utilized as other alternatives to oil mining maximization, which include the use of wind power, geological formations from which oil can be exploited, use of fossil fuels that is considerably much cheaper to limit the hydrocarbon carbon dioxide gas in the atmosphere; thus, the progressive heating of the earths surface culminates to a global warming scenario (Orihuela 2014). Apparently, the industrial affiliation shifted to more renewable sources of energy solar energy such as biomass and tidal energy to suit the T alismans tight financial budget. The energy source adopted will depend on the cost of production and its impact on environmental pollution and wellbeing of humankind. Recommendations Ensuring that the goals set and the objectives made must be thoroughly met through implementation by monitoring and evaluation programs. This helps in adapting progress over time and improves overall effectiveness and flexibility (Cory 2013). Monitoring of the implementation of set goals is important as it assures the effort conform to what is expected in long run signifying that the company is on the right path and measuring if the results achieved are in line with set objectives (The Canadian Press 2012). The company should review the tactics to ensure they remain relevant to help changes in environment, culture and rapid demographic changes. Political goodwill must prevail to help optimization of the company operation, like the tax levied should never be too high and provide essential incentives to attract investors set up their businesses. Apparently, records kept must always be open and very clear to allow retrieval in case there is a need in future. Conclusion Goals are very useful in setting up a company, to propel the organizational zeal and achievements they are yearning for, to act as a pointer of the future to know whether you are making progress or not. There are pictures where top managers visualize where the organization should be in coming years and also a way that they can see off competitors that see to threaten existence of the company. Goal setting should incorporate planning strategy to help the company be on track and help it focus only on activities important to the organizational performance. Talisman emphasizes mainly on three objectives: Developing long term growth opportunity, building high impact exploration paths and continue focusing on current portfolio.Goals bring order, meaning and purpose that will sustain the interest of stakeholders involved and therefore act as a motivation factor to them. By forming goals,an individual sets everything right required of him to succeed to the very top level. Success is therefor e achieved by goals definition, it is 1 percent inspiration and ninety nine percent perspiration. It is not luck. References Day, P. (2014). "Spain's Repsol to buy Talisman Energy for $ 8 billion. Retrieved From https://www.wsj.com/articles/repsol-to-buy-talisman-energy-for-8-3-billion-1418715863 Carlisle, T. (2000) "Calgary Oil Firm Talisman Pays Painful Price for Sudan Investment." The Wall Street Journal Cory, R. (2013). Brainstorming: Techniques for New Ideas. New York: iUniverse Cooper, B., Vlaskovits, P. (2011). The Entrepreneur's Guide to Customer Development: A "cheat Sheet" to the Four Steps to the Epiphany. Cooper-Vlaskovits, 1(2), 23-43 Franklin, M. (2012). Performance Gap Analysis: Tips, Tools, and Intelligence for Trainers. American Society for Training and Development, 2(3), 34- 45 Lussier, R. N., Corman, J., Kimball, D. (2014). Entrepreneurial New Venture Skills. New York: Routledge Orihuela, R. (2014). Repsol Agrees to Buy Canadas Talisman for $8.3 Billion. Retrieved Fromhttps://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2014-12-16/repsol-agrees-to-buy-canada-s-talisman-for-8-3-billion Rodriguez, J Toyer, J. (2014)."Spain's Repsol to buy Talisman Energy for "Talisman oil operations prolong Sudan civil war." Retrieved From https://www.revolvy.com/main/index.php?s=Talisman%20Energy Ries, E. (2016). The Lean Startup. Bolton: Prentice Hall The Canadian Press. (2012). for sale' sign not up at Talisman following Manzoni's departure, new CEO says. The Wall Street Journal